Sinem Gençay - 14 April 2022 - Comments

REFUGEES

Migration is a movement of geographic displacement to perpetuate the lives of human communities for religion, economic, political, social and other reasons. Migrations can be made on request or from necessity. Infact, today it is not a matter of preference. it has become a necessity.Immigration now corresponds to displacement. The concept of refugee and asylum seekers supports this definition. If we consider the concept of refugee, Refugees who are oppressed by their country, they lost their confidence in their state and want to sought asylum in another country. that is, refugees are people who lose confidence in the state. Cncept of refugee is a popular subject of recent time sand is very important. This topic has a great in fluence in the Turkey. Turkey has experienced frequent migration movements Due to the geographical location of own. Due to geographical location, Turkey take over duty of bridge. Turkey\\\'s geographical position provides a lot of advantages to Turkey .When concept of refugee be in question, these advantages often turn into disadvantages. firstly, we will take over concept of refugee. After then we wil ltouch on the place of the concept of refugee in legislation. Following, we will examine the impact on Turkey\\\'s economy and social structure of the refugee problem in Turkey. CONCEPT OF REFUGEE: Article 61 of the Geneva Convention define this concept as “As a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951 and owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.” We see that refugee problems were experienced during the First World Warand in the on going years. The refugee problem still maintain sits existence since that day and is frequently on the agenda. Especially when we consider the last years,we can see that problem swith refugee sare increasing and we seethat the Turkey is also quite affected by this increase. Concept of Refugee in Turkey: Turkey is the bridge between countries which migration are amigration because of geographicallocation. It is the subject of different experiences about migration due to its presence in the transition geography. It is mostly a transit country. In recent years, as well as being a transit country, has become a country receiving immigration. Turkey\\\'s geopolitical position that provides many advantages but when we consider the refugee problem, we can talk about its disadvantage, not its advantage. Regulations for Refugees: Turkey is one of the exceptional country in the world about the field of asylum and refugee status. It has been a party to the Geneva Protocol of 1951 on the Legal Status of Refugees but Turkey has drawn geographic boundaries about this protocol. Turkey entitle \\\"refugee\\\" thepeoplefrom western europe with these restrictions that make . People from outside Western Europe called \\\"temporary asylum seekers\\\". “22127 date and published in the Official Gazette numbered 30.11.1994, who defected to Turkey or requesting residence permission in Turkey on asylum in another country with foreigners Collectively Individual Asylum to aliens who come to our borders for the purpose of the regulation to be applied according to the provisions of the refugee population movements and possible; The events that occurred in Europe because of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion rightly, because that is where a citizen will be prosecuted because they are afraid the country is located outside the country and unable to benefit from the patronage of a citizen, or who do not want to benefit out of fear, or nationality, or pre-located outside the country of residence if you don\\\'t go there, or who doesn\\\'t want to return for fear an outsider. Foreigners who are outside the country of own because they are afraid of being harmed by their race, religion, country of own, membership in a particular social group or because of their political beliefs are not use to benefit from the protection of the country of own or do not want to benefit from the fear or do not want to return to the country. It is defined in this way. After 2.World War, evolving refugee law and international refugee law has pushed Turkey to create a legal frame work governing the rights of refugees. 1988-1991 Iran-IraqWar, 1990-1991 Gulf War and the civil wars in the middle east result of event smigration movements started toTurkey . It was understood that until then dispersed refugee rights should be linked to a single legislation. For this reason, the regulation on the procedures and principles to be applied to foreigners who immigrated to Turkey on 14.04.1994 or who came to our borders for collective purposes and population movements for the purpose of obtaining residence permit from Turkey, has been adopted. These regulations were not considered sufficient to protect the rights of refugees. This situation has led Amnesty International and the European Council to publish negative reports about refugee rights in Turkey. In order to terminate these negative developments, Foreigners and International Protection Law No. 6458 was published in the Official Gazette on 11.04.2013 and was put into effect one year after its publication. Furthermore, YUKK accepts the 1994 principle of non-refoulement inlaid down in the 1951 Conventionand in this context imposes an international protection status not covered by the 1994 Regulation. This new status is called secondary protection. In addition, YUKK has made another legal regulation called Temporary Protection Regulation . On October 22, 2014, it was published in the Official Gazette. Syrian Refugees Problem: There have been some revolts due to the demands of theArab people for democracy and freedom. In 2010, a revolt began in Tunisia and these revoltsin fluenced many countries in the Middle East. As a result of the Syrian regime\\\'s harsh regime in 2011, civil war started in Syria and caused the civilian population to emigrate. The violence of this civil war in Syria has increased. Therefore millions of Syrians; North Africa, Lebanon, Europe, Jordan, Iraq, Egyptand emigrated toTurkey. The first convoy of Syrians reached Turkey on April 29, 2011. From this date, the number of Syrian refugees in Turkey has increased substantially. Turkey, confirming the 1961 declaration adopted its geographical limitation exception. As a result, he declared that he would not accept refugees from outside Europe as refugees. Therefore Syrians living in Turkey, in internation allaw \\\"refugee\\\" status were not But with the latest regulations brought Turkey, Turkey began to the Syrians practice an opendoor policy. Syrians in Turkey was not sent back to their country because this policy is being implemented and refugees \\\"temporary protection\\\" was granted the status. Day by day, we see that the Syrian refugees are also increasing the irtendency to remain in Turkey. Guest statuses are becoming increasingly permanent. According to UNHCR data as of March 30, 2017 the number of Syrian refugees in Turkey has reached to 2 million 967 thousand 149 people. These increases which cannot be ignored brings a lot of topic of contentions. This situation raises the legal status of the Syrians, social and economic adjustment problems. increasing staying duration of Syrians in Turkey has led to migration crisis which has consequences such as economic, social and security. This increase in Turkey Turkey\\\'s economy, social structure, cultural structure, is creating a lot of influence on political life and basic services. There are considerable differences in language culture and lifestyle between Syrian refugees and our people. Language, culture and lifestyle differences make social cohesion difficult. Social Effects: For example, we can say that polygamy has started to spread and as a result, the rate of divorce has increased. Ethnic and sectarian polarizations appear. Distorted urbanization problems are occurring and child workers are becoming widespread. Syrians cannot be active in education because of their living conditions, and this raises the ground for increases in crime rates. Turkey, on January 18, 2013 issued a circular that it can benefit from the health services of Syrian refugees. Syrian refugees use health services free of charge. This situation creates crowds in emergency services and causes disruption in health services. In addition, the lack of economies of Syrians creates the problem of begging and creates a source of unrest in the society. Economic Effects: As the Syrians begin to settle, an increase in rents is observed and housing is hard to find. Inflation increased. Syrian refugees are employed as smugglers in return for low wages, even if they do not have work permits, so illegal employment is widespread. There are also positive effects; the sudden increase in population has brought a revival to the manufacturing and retail sector. provided humanitarian aid to Syrians in Turkey and in Syria and services are procured from local firms. This has created a great opportunity for food and textile companies. The cheap labor force due to Syrian refugees has negatively affected the middle and lower economic strata of the local population. Competing with cheaper labor has reduced wages in the unskilled labor market. İn conclusion; The refugee problem began to show its existence in the 1st World War. In particular, these problems have increased significantly in recent times and its geographical location in Turkey is heavily affected by this problem. If we accept that the problem is a highly influential problem, we can argue that there is a lot of regulation. . A lot of regulations on the concept of refugees have been introduced. Especially in the last period we take the issue of Syrian refugees who have arisen Turkey is one of the leading countries in terms of the importance given to the approach and regulations in this regard. With the open-door policy followed by our country, the Syrian population in our country increased rapidly and began to exhibit persistence. The problem brings obligation of regulations of acts. At the same time, it caused the economic and social change of our country. This situation has paved the way for cultural conflicts. Despite all these consequences arising Turkey is committed to continue assisting refugees in all circumstances. but Turkey, which does not have such a high financial can not provide committed resources to this population and own citiziens. It should not be forgotten that the asylum demand of the Syrians is a basic human right recognized by international law but As required of all states in the republic of Turkey it must first be borne in mind that there are obliged to consider the welfare of their societies.